What is the role of fate in the tragic plays Oedipus by Sophocles and miss Julie by Strindberg Essay Example For Students

What is the job of destiny in the terrible plays Oedipus by Sophocles and miss Julie by Strindberg Essay Destiny has been utilized by august Strindberg in his play Miss Julie and Sophocles in his play Oedipus in a wide range of perspectives that lead to one conclusive outcome, them two winding up in hopelessness. The plays are composed on the lines of Aristotelian catastrophe, furthermore the shocking imperfections of the heroes, destiny also went about as a harmful power driving the characters through a difficulty. Anyway the manner by which their destiny was done was totally extraordinary as the destiny of Miss Julie was self delivered and the destiny in Oedipus was the desire of the divine beings. In this exposition I will examine the manner in which destiny has been utilized by the creators. We will compose a custom paper on What is the job of destiny in the sad plays Oedipus by Sophocles and miss Julie by Strindberg explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now First I will take a gander at Miss Julie. In the play the creator Strindberg gave the primary female hero Miss Julie insanity where during his time this was utilized to depict ladies who had sexual wants however didn’t accept that they did. We can see this in the play where she was explicitly pulled in to Jean and starts to play with him. Regardless of his being a hireling and her not being permitted in the kitchen (in light of the fact that the kitchen was â€Å"too dirty† for the experts) she despite everything headed inside and remained there to invest energy with him. The explanation regarding why the creator gave Miss Julie mania was to build up the plot and to show that she was incognizant in regards to her activities and making her own destiny of accomplishing something without knowing it. For instance when Jean was going to recount Julie about his romantic tale yet halted on the grounds that he thought that it was whimsical, she demanded that he proceed. This sh ows she needed to draw nearer to him and needed to find out about his life which was for the most part brought about by her appreciation for him. This model features the way that Strindberg has utilized her enthusiasm towards Jean as an apparatus for her destiny. Destiny is liable for the fall of Miss Julie, and it is an incredible incongruity that a pleased blue-blood is ransacked of her respect by a negligible valet! â€Å"Im sitting on a column that Ive moved up by one way or another and I dont realize how to get down. At the point when I look down I get unsteady. I need to get down yet I dont have the fearlessness to jump.† Presently I will take see how destiny has been utilized by the Sophocles in Oedipus. In the play the ruler of Thebes Laois (father of Oedipus) was told by the prophet at Delphi that his child would execute him and wed his mom for example the lords (Laois’s) spouse. Here we perceive how the play relies upon the desire of the god’s. At that point as we see later in the play Oedipus executed his dad in a fight over intersection an extension, subsequent to slaughtering his dad (Oedipus never realized that the man he murdered was his dad) he wedded the sovereign (his mom) and had two youngsters with her. Oedipus at long last attempts to escape from his destiny yet on the opposite is satisfying the prescience. So here we perceive how Sophocles has made this character â€Å"the oracle† who decides the destiny of Oedipus. At this occurrence we can raise another point; on the off chance that Laois had not tuned in to the prophet, at that point neither would Oedipus have slaughtered him nor wedded his significant other. What's more when Oedipus was brought into the world his folks were informed that he would murder his dad and lay down with his mom, so in view of this ghastly demonstration that Oedipus was intended to do his folks chose to execute him yet they couldn’t set out to slaughter their fragile living creature and blood. The guardians requested a shepherd to leave the infant in a stagger on a mountain with his hands and feet fastened. Yet, destiny made that shepherd its instrument, and it so happened that the shepherd as opposed to murdering the child took him to the illustrious castle of his old neighborhood and gave then infant to King Polybos and Queen Merope. Anyway at long last we see that Oedipus fulfills the prescience which shows that despite the fact that he attempted to get awa y from his destiny the prophet was valid from the beginning. From this we can perceive how Sophocles utilized his (Oedipus) fate to build up the story and that he couldn’t flee from the desire of the divine beings. The whole play is woven by incongruity. .u7bd608837945f914e9a2194e53129ae0 , .u7bd608837945f914e9a2194e53129ae0 .postImageUrl , .u7bd608837945f914e9a2194e53129ae0 .focused content zone { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u7bd608837945f914e9a2194e53129ae0 , .u7bd608837945f914e9a2194e53129ae0:hover , .u7bd608837945f914e9a2194e53129ae0:visited , .u7bd608837945f914e9a2194e53129ae0:active { border:0!important; } .u7bd608837945f914e9a2194e53129ae0 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u7bd608837945f914e9a2194e53129ae0 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; haziness: 1; progress: murkiness 250ms; webkit-change: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u7bd608837945f914e9a2194e53129ae0:active , .u7bd608837945f914e9a2194e53129ae0:hover { darkness: 1; progress: obscurity 250ms; webkit-progress: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u7bd608837945f914e9a2194e53129ae0 .focused content territory { width: 100%; position: rela tive; } .u7bd608837945f914e9a2194e53129ae0 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-enrichment: underline; } .u7bd608837945f914e9a2194e53129ae0 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u7bd608837945f914e9a2194e53129ae0 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; fringe range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-fringe sweep: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-embellishment: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7bd608837945f914e9a2194e53129ae0:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u7bd608837945f914e9a2194e 53129ae0 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u7bd608837945f914e9a2194e53129ae0-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u7bd608837945f914e9a2194e53129ae0:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: The Authors Create Tension and Suspense EssayO god-all materialize, all burst to light! O light-now let me look my keep going on you! I stand uncovered finally reviled in my introduction to the world, reviled in marriage, reviled in the lives I chop down with these hands! Presently we think about the destiny in both the plays and how the creators have been fruitful in utilizing it. As Miss Julie has madness she subliminally needed to get explicitly nearer to jean and deliberately never acknowledged it which at that point made her arrive at the peak, which was where they engaged in sexual relations. The threatening destiny planned and weaved a mind boggling web to catch her. Destiny alongside chance had established the framework of her pulverization. It was the happy air of the midsummer’s eve; the include was far away enjoying feasts. The manner in which her mom had instilled terrible impulses in her 0nly little girl and the manner in which the dad had brought her up. She was in solitude and there was nobody to limit her allurements. She had an ongoing separation with her fiancã ©. She felt bothered as she was going through her menstrual cycle; the nighttime dusk and the solid sexual enhancer impact of the blossoms. The liquor had the last neg ative effect, and she was burglarized of her respect and pride under the certainty of the excited man. Destiny diminishes her into a lamentable animal a man hater, half creature. She even detests her dad, and considers him answerable for destroying her, â€Å"My love for him was without limits yet I loathed him as well, he instructed me to scorn my own sex-he made me half lady half man. I lack a self† Then again in Oedipus the play goes around the apex of prophets. Oedipus is destined by the Oracle at Delphi. Also, the destiny despite everything doesn't sit content; putting away further difficulties in Oedipus’s life. The prophet discloses to Creon that the plague in Thebes will be wiped out just if the man who executed his dad and laid down with his mom is exiled. Through this play Sophocles shows his exceptional confidence in destiny and in the intensity of prophets like Tiresias. Look ye, compatriots and Thebans, this is Oedipus the great,He who realized the Sphinxs question and was mightiest in our state.Who of all our townsmen looked not on his popularity with jealous eyes?Now, in what an ocean of difficulties sunk and overpowered he lies!Therefore stand by to see lifes finishing ere thou tally one human blest;Wait till liberated from agony and distress he has picked up his last rest. In miss Julie when the hirelings had descended and started to sing the tune about them two, they went into another space to be separated from everyone else, here the creator brings into the image the workers with the goal that both Julie and Jean can get into the room and engage in sexual relations. Concerning in Oedipus when the visually impaired prophet Tiresias reveals to Oedipus that he (Oedipus) is the person who submitted his awful sin, Oedipus never trusts him yet then returns home and thinks upon this, this shows how Sophocles has utilized the prophet as an instrument by the divine beings to depict the predetermination of Oedipus. The creators utilize numerous different apparatuses which legitimately or by implication add to the destiny of the fundamental characters and furthermore help in building up the plot in light of the fact that through every little occasion and occurrence a little bit of their destiny is uncovered to us. All in all we can perceive how the two creators August Strindberg and Sophocles had utilized destiny to build up the plot and made it as a significant subject of their plays, in light of the fact that in both the plays we see that each character is bound to wind up in mis

Developing an Online Banking Application

Building up an Online Banking Application This report subtleties the significance of safely building up a product and the accepted procedures to actualize all through the advancement lifecycle. Utilizing the Microsoft Secure Development Lifecycle Model, a product can be created with adequate safety efforts all through each phase from the earliest starting point of improvement until its inevitable discharge and in any event, reacting to occurrences that may follow its discharge. Making a web based financial application without completely thinking about the security of the banks resources and clients data would be for all intents and purposes outlandish. Because of the essential significance of the advantages a bank contains, enormous safety efforts while building up any part of its administrations should consistently be executed. Building up this web based financial application must incorporate different strides as can be found in the Microsoft Security Development Lifecycle (Such as Security Requirements, Risk Assessment and Threat Modeling). Banks and monetary organizations are enormous focuses for pernicious aggressors who focus on the online administrations gave by these organizations. It is thus that the dangers presented to a manage an account with an internet banking administration are huge and advancement of such an application ought to be treated in that capacity. Considering the OWASP Top 10 is a decent starting safety effort as relieving the dangers of the main 10 most basic vulnerabilities found in web applications will give a decent establishment in keeping away from assaults. The application works by having the client get to the site through their program, exploring through the two stage confirmation and afterward accessing different alternatives identifying with their record, for example, seeing explanations, moving cash to different records and review the sum at present in their record. The first of the two stage confirmation is a 8 digit pin that the client will have settled on before when initially making their record for their internet banking administration. The second step check will either be the clients date of birth or incidentally it will be the clients contact number. This second step confirmation will change haphazardly in order to stay away from utilization of a computerized device endeavoring to get to a clients account. At the point when the client makes a web based financial record, they will be required to give their personal residence and record number. A letter will at that point be sent to the client giving them a code that is explicit to them which they would then be able to use to confirm their personality on their first utilization of the web based financial application and complete making their record. This implies the main individuals who can utilize the administration are the individuals who as of now have full access to the clients account subtleties and their post. This is a successful safety effort as actualizing security into a product that can be undermined basically by having any individual mimic another client pursuing the administration would be repetitive. Another way that the login procedure will be made sure about is by utilizing a counter in which in the event that a client enters subtleties inaccurately three back to back occasions, at that point they will be not able to make another endeavor for a brief timeframe. The explanation for this two stage check process is to block the utilization of apparatuses that would constantly endeavor to split the login framework, perhaps with the utilization of an instrument, for example, John the Ripper or THC Hydra. The restricted measure of login endeavors is additionally used to keep away from animal power assaults from happening. Having just been verified, a client will at that point approach their record subtleties including their equalization, their past proclamations and furthermore they will have the option to move assets from their record. The entirety of this data will be put away in a database which will be encoded and salted implying that a break of this data ought not cause for the data to be understandable by an aggressor. The Secure SDL (Software Development Lifecycle) as actualized by Microsoft is an improvement procedure which helps designers in making secure programming and takes a gander at consenting to security prerequisites while decreasing the general advancement cost. The Lifecycle is isolated into 7 diverse SDL rehearses as can be found in the figure beneath. These practices are utilized to feature security executions in the different phases of a virtual products improvement. For instance, in the planning of a creating programming, it is important to make exact danger models which can be utilized to handily find various potential vulnerabilities that the product might be dependent upon. (stan.gr, 2012). (Microsoft, 2016). Building up Security Requirements One of the initial steps to be taken in building up the financial programming is to set up what security and protection necessities will be actualized in the product. This will make it simpler to distinguish the bearing of the turn of events and help with keeping to the calendar. The group building up the financial programming will principally take a gander at the OWASP Top 10 as the fundamental vulnerabilities that may happen in the application and endeavor to make sure about against these. One of the security necessities that will be available in the product is to make sure about the product against Injection. As the data that is indicated when a client signs in is touchy, the product must ensure against noxious clients endeavoring to login by utilizing infusion. So as to stay away from SQL infusion, the product will be created utilizing arranged proclamations so as to clean the contribution of the client. Approval techniques will be remembered for the product to guarantee that every client has the right power to utilize the capacities that they endeavor to utilize and that all data sources that are gone into the application will be adequate to keep away from cross site scripting and other such dangers. Make Quality Gates/Bug Bars In the beginning periods of advancement, choosing what the base adequate degree of value ought to be available in the security of the product is fundamental. Without this progression, oversights may exist, for example, clients private data not being thoroughly secure as the advancement group didn't concentrate on ensuring this over an alternate region. Having a base acknowledgment level likewise causes the advancement group to address security bugs as they are to adhere to the standard set and will be given some idea regarding what dangers are related with different issues. For this product, it won't be satisfactory that any bug that could be identified with the spilling of data might be available. Exacting safety efforts will be set up to guarantee that the security of the banks clients will be ensured. Security Privacy Risk Assessment This phase of the improvement will include inspecting the product structure and finding territories that are conceivably inclined to a larger number of dangers or maybe have a bigger number of dangers than different regions. For instance, the database being ensured, as it contains fundamental data, is of higher danger of a malignant assault than the site facilitating the application. Recognizing these dangers and what they are powerless to will improve the security of the product. This will be additionally evolved in the danger displaying step as this progression figures out which parts of the undertaking will require danger demonstrating. This stage is imperative in the improvement procedure as the probability of securing against a hazard that has been disregarded in the advancement of the product is far not exactly on the off chance that it had been broke down all through the turn of events. Structure (Microsoft, 2016). Set up Design Requirements Setting up the Design Requirements will guarantee that the product will work in the expected manner while likewise permitting to limit cost and improve security all through the turn of events. This stage will ensure that the product will be easy to understand and will likewise help with guaranteeing that it is highly unlikely that a client may inadvertently access data that they are not approved to do as such. Dissect Attack Surface This progression includes dissecting which parts of the product presents open doors for assailants and can help engineers in diminishing these vulnerabilities. This may include handicapping or limiting certain entrance to administrations. This stage is another phase that will be a huge piece of the danger demonstrating stage in that it will permit the engineers to recognize parts of the product that are reasonable to be assault targets. Danger Modeling This progression will permit the designers to take a gander at precisely what happens when a client is utilizing the administration and to envision what perspectives are powerless against dangers. From here, engineers can choose the possibility of lessening these dangers and how this might be accomplished. This should be possible by distinguishing powerless zones and guaranteeing that they are made sure about against the assaults that they are defenseless to. The significance of this stage is featured by the significance of ensuring the touchy data that the application will utilize. The figure underneath shows a danger model made with the Microsoft Threat Modeling Tool 2016 concerning the web based financial help. (Microsoft, 2016). Utilize Approved Tools Utilizing affirmed instruments all through the improvement procedure will help with guaranteeing that right security techniques will be utilized in the product. This incorporates utilizing a compiler which will signal security alerts if the product is being gathered and contains a realized security hazard. These apparatuses may incorporate the IDE (Integrated Development Environment) for the engineers to program the product on, for example, Eclipse. Censure Unsafe Functions Prohibiting capacities that are considered to be perilous will diminish potential bugs in the product. Recognizing these should be possible by utilizing robotized apparatuses or physically checking the code and guaranteeing that none of the capacities are available on the restricted rundown which can be found at https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb288454.aspx>. Static Analysis Examining the source code before accumulating it is a decent method of guaranteeing that the code has been created in a protected way. This stage will include the engineers to take a gander at the code and chec

Topeka

Topeka Topeka t?pe ´k? [key], city (1990 pop. 119,883), state capital and seat of Shawnee co., NE Kans., on the Kansas River; inc. 1857. In a rich agricultural region, it is an important shipping point for cattle and wheat and a wholesaling, marketing, and processing center for farm products. There are insurance businesses, grain mills, meatpacking houses, large railroad repair shops, and plants that make tires and rubber products. A ferry was established there in 1842 on the Oregon Trail . The city was laid out in 1854 by Free State settlers from Lawrence and New England and was founded as the center for C. K. Holliday's projected railroad (the Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe). A short-lived Free State constitution was framed in the city in 1855. Topeka was selected state capital when Kansas was admitted to the Union in 1861. The capitol is designed after the one in Washington, D.C. A city of broad, tree-shaded streets, Topeka has the museum and library of the state historical society, th e Mulvane Art Museum, the state library, a notable Episcopal cathedral, a zoo, and a park system that includes the Reinisch Rose Garden. It is the seat of Washburn Univ. During the 20th cent. Topeka was an important city for psychiatric research and therapy; the world famous Menninger Clinic, a treatment center for mental illness, was there from 1919 to 2003. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. Political Geography

Continuing Crisis in Tertiary Education of Developing and...

CONTINUING CRISIS IN TERTIARY EDUCATION OF DEVELOPING AND TRANSITION COUNTRIES Persisting Inequalities There are a lot of problems already mentioned in tertiary education of developing and transition countries but inequalities in many forms are very persistent and evident in developing and transition countries. We feel these inequalities being included in the developing countries. Some of those inequalities are the following: 1. Caste- The unequal treatment for the students that come from the tribe or ethnic groups are very evident. -In Venezuela, the widespread preferential admission for students of University professors and employees is an example of positive discrimination in favor of the children of the already privileged†¦show more content†¦* In South Africa the affirmative actions are still to be fully accessed whether successful or not, that is the admission of deserving black applicants who have not been given an adequate opportunity to demonstrate their ability to succeed. * Actions were also made in the inequality of the women from men in the tertiary level in Africa: In Ghana and Uganda – they gave bonus points for women in taking admission examination so that more of them pass the cut off points. Evidently from that action enrollment of women in tertiary level increase from 27- 34 %. In Uganda and 21-27% in Ghana. 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Buddhism The True Reality Of Reality And The Achievement...

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Critically Discuss the Contribution of the Work of Frederick W. Taylor Free Essays

string(42) " of the organisation for which they work\." Grey offers a number of opinions on management thought in his book â€Å"A Very Short Fairly Interesting and Reasonably Cheap Book about Studying Organisations† (2009). He outlines his opinions through a number of themes within the book such as looking at bureaucracy and scientific management together, his views on human relations theory (HRT) and its links with people management, the theme of organization culture and post-bureaucracy and how it is effecting change management. The final theme I will discuss in my essay is fast capitalism and how it is ending management. We will write a custom essay sample on Critically Discuss the Contribution of the Work of Frederick W. Taylor or any similar topic only for you Order Now While looking at the themes I will also be evaluating Grey’s arguments within them and try to relate them where applicable to Wren and Bedeian’s book â€Å"The Evolution of Management Thought† (2009). Grey views on bureaucracy are that he sees it as a highly efficient way of management in this book bureaucracy is not seen as red tape but a management type as put forward by Weber whereby rules and regulation are used to become as efficient as possible. Relevant materials: Scientific Management Theory in Nursing Grey tells us how Weber saw an emergence of an ideal called â€Å"rational legal authority† (Grey, 2009). Grey tells us how rationality links with bureaucracy using a number of examples such as formal or instrumental rationality the idea of this is to adopt a means to meet and end using the most efficient way possible. Grey uses an excellent example to illustrate this being the Nazi Holocaust it is as Grey (2009) says the extreme application of bureaucratic logic. It operated under a set of rules which were applied impersonally. This allowed it to be unbelievably efficient. Grey’s ideas on bureaucracy are linked to the ideas explored in Wren and Bedeian’s â€Å"The Evolution of Management Thought† (2009) both books emphasise how Weber did not mean red tape when he said bureaucracy, they also share similar views of the disadvantages of bureaucracy such as how workers will work to the rules and therefore know exactly what they must do to stay in the job or to achieve something Grey’s view on scientific management as put forward by Taylor is that his ideas still define management today. The real leap for scientific management as explained by Grey (2009) was the use of it by Henry Ford the man who made Ford cars. He employed scientific management within his factory to increase efficiency and it did so hugely. Grey also recognises the problems caused by Taylor’s ideas. Such as the many strikes by workers as it left the workers with less power and the managers with all the power, one of the main problems with it as explained by Grey (2009) is it eroded working onditions, reduced autonomy and threatened unemployment. I feel that Grey’s view here focuses too much on the problems caused by scientific management he does give a few advantages of it but he doesn’t emphasise enough how scientific management really revolutionised the way in which factories and companies operated such as how using Taylor’s ideas on scientific management thought companies such as General Motors and Du Pont have become two of the biggest corporations in the world thank s to it. Wren and Bedeian share similar views to Grey on scientific management however I feel they show more admiration for it when they say how scientific management paved the way forward for subsequent management development (Wren and Bedeian 2009). Grey (2009) expresses his view many people see scientific management as the bad guy and human relations theory (HRT) as the good guy. I agree with this and Grey uses the Hawthorne experiment example which I feel expresses this view correctly and helped me understand the inefficiency’s caused by HRT. He tells us of an experiment in a bank wiring room where workers were producing electrical components and rather than produce at maximum output which would earn them a bonus they choose to produce at a lower level. This was due to informal norms set around the workplace such as peer pressure and an unofficial gang leader. This shows us that the informal side of an organisation to some is more important than the formal side. This shows how HRT can be seen as inefficient as and not always better than scientific management. This can be linked to Wren and Bedeian’s (2009) conclusions drawn from the Hawthorne Studies, they conclude that these experiments showed us that workers were not driven only by money but also by social factors which can lead to increased and decreased productivity. People management and HRT are very similar in my opinion as HRT is the way in which we manage people. It is important for people to see a manager as someone who helps people and not just a person who exploits someone to get the best work out of them. Grey (2009) gives an example of how HRT has changed the way we view managers by using a son and father conversation. The child asks his dad what he does and he replies how he exploits people and dehumanises them by making them work as hard as possible. Under HRT thought he replies how he helps people and makes unhappy people see that he cares about them. This example by Grey is exceptional in my opinion and to me it personifies what HRT and people management is; it is type of thought whereby the manager’s aim is to care for and motivate his workers. The view of the manager is undeniably hugely important to motivating workers as if they are seen as caring and helpful it acts as an incentive to workers to work harder this view is also shared in Wren and Bedeian (2009) where they say the significance of effective supervision in maintaining employee’s productivity and job satisfaction is huge. Grey’s (2009) view on organisation culture is that its aim is to intervene and regulate being so that there is no distance between individual’s purpose and those of the organisation for which they work. You read "Critically Discuss the Contribution of the Work of Frederick W. Taylor" in category "Essay examples" I agree with what Grey is saying here organisation culture to me is simply making an organisation a place where the worker feels completely comfortable and for the worker to feel proud to work for the company. An example of this I can relate to is the bank RBS having done work experience with them I now understand how they create organisation culture. On all their leaflets, cards and employee videos they try to show their core values and company slogans to create a good organisation culture. Grey argues that managers who try to change organisation culture are completely unrealistic. I agree with what Grey says here as the example he uses shows us how it is not possible. He cites an experiment carried out by Ogbonna and Wilkinson (1988) where a supermarket told all its employees to make customer service their prime focus by smiling all the time and to make them feel valued. The study results showed they obeyed superficially because they knew they were being watched but they didn’t mean their shows of friendliness. This may seem like they are carrying out the organisation culture but actually they have failed as they don’t actually believe in it. In relation to Wren and Bedeian’s view on organisation culture differs to that of Grey they see it as more innocent and with less scepticism than Grey does. They (Wren and Bedeian 2009) believe technology, economics and political facets provide the framework for organisation culture. Wren and Bedeian don’t go into the areas that Grey goes into when discussing organisation culture such as how management tries to change organisation as I have discussed already. Grey (2009) argues that post-bureaucracy can and should be mocked. He gives examples of studies which have been carried out to show that it is a flimsy thought. He cites a study by Paul Thompson who used aggregate statistical evidence and individual cases to prove that job structures and work experience are mostly unchanged by the post-bureaucratic revolution. This study was similar to that of Delbridge (1998) who studied two factories one which had all the paraphernalia of a post-bureaucratic workplace and one which did not. He concluded that both still shared very similar forms of working. I agree with what Grey is saying here as if you walk into a workplace today such as a factory the methods of management are still evident of the bureaucracy model and yes there is some evidence of post-bureaucracy but not enough to claim it’s a new era of post-bureaucracy. On the theme of change management Grey (2009) argues that is almost always fails. He supports his claim using the example of total quality management (TQM) which is implemented for the first time in a certain industry. One organisation may adopt it and then others will see it and decide to adopt it to. Now no one has a competitive advantage and there is a conveyer effect where by the companies now want a new method and therefore change. This claim by Grey in my opinion is correct change management doesn’t work as for it to work something has to be applicable from one industry to another but change management fails at this. Grey (2009) however does admit that post-bureaucracy and change management cannot be ignored and that it is a huge part of society today as they have a huge hold over the managerial role in today’s world. Grey (2009) tells us how the post-bureaucracy and change management attract huge attention in the media today. He gives us the example of policies past by the British Government in which all are based on post-bureaucracy. Grey (2009) says how it is now assumed that for an economy to do well it must be purged of bureaucracy and open to change. I agree with what he has said here all we here about in today’s news is the need to change everything and for rules and regulations to be got rid of. However all we have to look at is the current economic climate to show us what happened when there was less bureaucracy and lots of change. People took advantage of it and we are now stuck in a recession for a number of years because of it. To show what fast capitalism is Grey (2009) uses the United Kingdom as an example and many of the companies within it such as Jaguar, PO and Body Shop what all these companies have in common is they once used to be British owned now however they are owned by international companies or consortia. This shows us how Britain has taken on the idea of fast capitalism this however can lead to problems whereby the international companies who buy these smaller firms most of the time only see the financial value of them and not what the company may offer to a community with generations of families who have worked in the same business. This can lead to employees not feeling the need to work as hard as now they are working for an international company and therefore in my opinion inefficiency will begin to take place. The argument that fast capitalism is failing and problematic is put forward by Grey (2009) using the example of the bank Northern Rock who began by simply taking in deposits from savers and lending to borrowers for house purchases. In 1997 they choose a new more risky route whereby they raised money by through short term borrowing on financial markets. They also began to give loans to those who had poor credit history and they didn’t take in their account to pay them back. This was all well and good until 2007 when poor credit risks and the inability to get short term funds caused the bank to nearly collapse with customers going to the banks to take out all their money. The bank was then nationalised in 2008. This story shows me how fast capitalism failed as those who ran Northern Rock tried to adopt a new style of management and thought within the business to keep up with fast moving capitalism and in the long run their ideas failed leaving the customers and shareholders to suffer greatly. Grey (2009) puts forward the argument that management is ending. He explores this idea using a number of examples. The example which explores it best is the one about the study he carried out with a number of colleagues on a set of managers. They interviewed them and none of them described themselves as managers. When ask why they didn’t they all said it was an overused word which didn’t denote any real seniority in today’s workforce and secondly they felt the word had a meaning of someone who was inflexible and bureaucratic. This was not to say the end of management just it has become a somewhat meaningless word. The final thought Grey (2009) has on this is that managers might be coming to an end but management itself is not and it is constantly evolving and I whole heartedly agree with this point that it is simply changing constantly. Overall I feel that the themes in Grey’s book â€Å"A Very Short Fairly Interesting and Reasonably Cheap Book about Studying Organisations† (2009) which range from looking at bureaucracy and scientific management together to his views on human relations theory (HRT) and its links with people management and the theme of organization culture and post-bureaucracy and how it is effecting change management. To the final one which I have explored; fast capitalism and end management have provided me with an insight into Grey’s thoughts on management and the arguments he has put forward about it. I also feeling my reading of this book has allowed me to relate it where applicable to Wren and Bedeian’s â€Å"The Evolution of Management Thought† (2009) and allowed me to compare some of the older views on management within this book to the more modern ones explored by Grey. However I do believe that Grey’s book is far more concise than Wren and Bedeian’s which I feel is too long winded and less interesting than Grey’s. Bibliography: Grey, C. (2009). A Very Short, Fairly Interesting and Reasonably Cheap Book about Studying Organizations. London, Sage. Delbridge, R. (1998) â€Å"Life on the Line in Contemporary Manufacturing† Oxford: Oxford University Press, Ogbonna, E. and Wilkinson, B. (1988) â€Å"Corporate Strategy and Corporate Culture: The View from the Checkout† Personnel Review, Vol. 19 Iss: 4, pp. 9 – 15 Wren, Daniel A . Bedeian Arthur G. December 2008,  ©2009. â€Å"The Evolution of Management Thought. 6th Edition†. USA: John Wiley Sons Inc. How to cite Critically Discuss the Contribution of the Work of Frederick W. Taylor, Essay examples

The Bay of Pigs free essay sample

From failure to overthrow Fidel Castro’s Communist Cuba and losing many Cuban Exiles and American weaponry, decisions that were made to result in the failure to strategies that were proven non-useful in the ordeal are just a few reasons to prove that the Bay of Pigs Invasion was one of the most embarrassing chapters for the U. S. With friction between the U. S. government and Castros leftist communist regime increasing, President Dwight Eisenhower was led to take away diplomatic relations with Cuba. The fact that the United States’ government had a growing dislike of Fidel Castro’s communist led to the idea of an invasion attack on Cuba. â€Å"On that unhappy island, as in so many other arenas of the contest for freedom, the news has grown worse instead of better. I have emphasized before that this was a struggle of Cuban patriots against a Cuban dictator. While we could not be expected to hide our sympathies, we made it repeatedly clear that the armed forces of this country would not intervene in any way,†[1] Kennedy said this in his speech regarding the planned invasion of Cuba. We will write a custom essay sample on The Bay of Pigs or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He speaks of how American Soldiers were to not enter Cuba for the invasion but who was to enter the Bay of Pigs were approximately 1,300 Cuban Exiles armed with U. S. weapons. They landed at the Bahia de Cochinos (Bay of Pigs) at the Southern coast of the island of Cuba. In 1959, Fidel Castro had become the leader of Cuba. Castro, a communist, became hostile to the United States two years after he became the Cuban. People associated with Castro took ownership over United States companies and Eisenhower was forced to create an embargo on trade. During this time, Cubans had gone to the U. S. o flee the communist leadership that Castro had been imposing on the people. When Eisenhower told the Central Intelligence Agency to train Cuban exiles, they then planned an invasion that happened when Kennedy became president. When the invasion started, the exiles were about 1,300 strong while the Castro’s followers had give or take 234,000 men with his army, militia and armed police amalga mated. Though Castro’s forces had more deaths, the exiles had a higher percentage of loss with approximately 1,200 men captured and jailed by Castro’s forces. In April 1961, 1500 Cuban exiles made a landing at the Bay of Pigs. The plan they had was to join with people who were against Castro to start a revolt but plans did not follow through because Kennedy did not send in the air support that he promised them. The followers of Castro killed most of the exiles and kept the some more as prisoners. Castro wanted money for him to release them but Kennedy was hesitant to even negotiate with him but on December 25, 1962, 1113 men in a â€Å"brigade prisoners remained in captivity for 20 months, as the United States negotiated a deal with Fidel Castro†[2] prisoners were released in exchange for medical supplies and food that was worth an approximate amount of $53 million. This would never have happened if Kennedy did not withdraw the aerial cover. Generally, the Invasion was ruined and was acutely catastrophic because of President John F. Kennedy’s failure to sent help. A strategy that the United States had was to use guerilla tactics. The troops there were not trained and not suitable for them. Terrain and skill was against them because there was no place to hide, no way to communicate, no food, and no inhabitants to support them. The Central Intelligence Agency (C. I. A. ) chose the Zapata Peninsula for the invasion and convinced them of he plan. Cubans thought it would be hard to get there because of the length of the mountains there and that there were no motorized vehicles to drive in or get around with in there. â€Å"The Zapata Peninsula, where the Bay of Pigs is located, was swampy, isolated, and uninhabited, so there could have been no possibility of a spontaneous uprising, because no indigenous Cubans would have seen the landing. â⠂¬ [3] Cubans would have known what was coming to them if there had been pre-invasion propaganda, which there was not. Kennedy wanted to know what the purpose of this operation was. People in the government had explained it was because they wanted to hold up a government and build it up to make it stronger. Kennedy was skeptical because he did not want to risk a small amount of men against thousands of militia. By this point, the Secretaries of Defense and State thought there was going to be an uprising attack. In conclusion, the invasion of the Bay of Pigs was a very embarrassing affair in American history. Not only did the U. S. fail to overthrow Communism in Cuba, but they lost many of the Cuban exiles that were involved and they lost multitudinous amounts of their own American-made weapons.